Aquatherm and Hydronics

Average Annual Heating and Cooling Cost of a mid-sized hotel (125 available rooms). Most hotels this size use electric "through-the-wall" HVAC units. Studies show that HVAC accounts for roughly 40-60% of a building's total energy consumption.
Same hotel, using radiant hydronic heating and cooling distribution, a dedicated outdoor air system, and an on-site ground source heat pump. Studies indicate that using hydronic distribution and a DOAS can save up to 44% of a building's HVAC costs. Using ground-source and solar energy can offset the remaining costs by up to an additional 50%.
Based on electricity use for an average hotel, with coal as the primary energy source. Using cleaner sources of energy could reduce this figure, but not as dramatically as simply using less energy.
Same as 3, with the reduced energy use factored in and natural gas substituted for the primary source of heating energy. Using cleaner energy sources will also reduce this figure.
An HVAC system using electric "through-the-wall" units can potentially qualify for LEED Credits EA 4, IEQ 6.2 and IEQ 7.1 without adding significantly to the expected operating cost. These points are not guaranteed, nor is the building limited to these points alone.
An HVAC system based on radiant hydronics with a ground source heat pipe and using a DOAS can qualify for LEED Credits EA 1 (up to 8 points), EA 2 (up to 7 points), EA 4, IEQ 1, IEQ 2, IEQ 6.2 and IEQ 7.1, without adding significantly to the expected operating cost. These points are not guaranteed, nor is the building limited to these points alone.